The central square of Thebes is known as Agios Kaloktenis Square and it is the center of the acropolis of Cadmeia. Nowadays, it is a critical node of everyday life. At the east side of the square there is the church of Agios Kaloktenis, which is the patron saint of the city. The church was built during the 12th century. 

  The importance of the site of the main square lays at the fact that underneath its surface the mycenaean palace is buried, and especially the treasure room.

The acropolis of Cadmeia is well-known to be the largest acropolis in the mycenaean period.

Mythologically, this was the site where the cow that Cadmus followed stopped walking, directing him to built the city,